- DATA: a set of data operations that create variables from
datasets,
- TRANS: variable transformations (e.g., rank),
- SCALE: scale transformations (e.g., log),
- COORD: a coordinate system (e.g., polar),
- ELEMENT: graphs (e.g., points) and their aesthetic attributes (e.g.,
color),
- GUIDE: one or more guides (axes, legends, etc.).